Muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom loj. Cheebtsam tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis muaj hwjchim, losyog ua haujlwm, txhais tau tias lawv ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv qee yam khoom muaj qee yam khoom muaj xws li inductors, resistors, thiab cov lag luam. Thaum cov theem pib ua ke, lawv tsim ntau hom. Transistors thiab roj teeb yog cov qauv piv txwv ntawm cov khoom ua ub no.
Terminals thiab connectors yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv los ua cov cables thiab kev txuas hluav taws xob. Ntau cov kev hloov ntawm cov keyboards nyob ua ke los cuam tshuam cov ndlwg ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, lub npe hu ua kev hloov qhib, los yog kom dhau hluav taws xob tam sim no, lub npe hu ua cov raug kaw. Kaw cov cuab yeej siv tau los yog ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, xws li thermal lossis magnetic ua si.
Resistors yog siv los hla dhau tam sim no thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txhia qhov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob thiab muaj ntau qhov kev hloov. Piv txwv, muaj cov nqi-nqi, tus nqi sib txawv-tus nqi, thiab cov uas tsis ua hauj lwm-voltage-dependent. Capacitors cia thiab tso tawm ib qho hluav taws xob nqi thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev siv, xws li filtering power voltages.
Lwm hom khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj xws li cov khoom siv xws li cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thiab lub hwj chim. Cov fuse, cov tog paug hluav taws xob, thiab cov neeg ntes hluav taws xob yog cov hom ntawm cov khoom no uas tsim los tiv thaiv circuits ntawm qhov ntev thiab cov dej ntws. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob muaj xws li cov kua qaub lossis kua roj (alkali batteries), roj roj, thiab cov khoom siv fais fab.
Inductors, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv cov hlau nplaum, tuaj yeem pom muaj hauv cov khoom xws li transformers, solenoids, thiab microphones. Lwm yam khoom ntxiv uas yuav siv tau rau kev ua kom nrov npe rau hauv daim ntaub ntawv hu ua transistors. Loudspeakers thiab buzzers yog ib hom siv hluav taws xob hu ua "transducer", ua rau lub cev muaj zog los ntawm lub teeb liab hluav taws xob. Sensors thiab detectors yog variations rau ntawm qhov transducer uas tsim cov nyhuv nkaus xwb raws li cov kev cai tswjhwm, feem ntau ib puag ncig, xws li txoj lus tsa suab lossis txoj haujlwm.
Semiconductors thiab integrated circuits ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Diodes yog hom ntawm semiconductor tsim los ua hluav taws xob rau hauv ib qho kev coj thiab tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam. Lub teeb emitting diode (LED) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub ntau yam. Integrated circuits yuav ua tau digital los yog analog.
Daim ntawv sib txawv ntawm qhov kev hloov thiab kev txuam ntawm cov kev sib txuas ua ke ntev ntev thiab muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm lub computer. Nco nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv ntog rau hauv pawg no. Kuj muaj lwm hom khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov duab tsav, microprocessors, thiab micro-controllers. Optoelectronic Cheebtsam, muaj cov khoom xws li cov duab LED thiab yees duab-couplers, tsim tau lwm qeb. Muaj ntau hom khoom siv hluav taws xob, muaj ntaub ntawv txhua daim ntawv thov.